10X TBE Electrophoresis Buffer Protocol or Recipe

10X TBE Electrophoresis Buffer Protocol or Recipe TBE and TAE are used as buffers in molecular biology, primarily for electrophoresis of nucleic acids.  Tris buffers are used under slightly basic pH conditions, as for DNA electrophoresis, because this keeps the DNA soluble in the solution and deprotonated so it will be attracted to the positive electrode and will migrate through a gel. EDTA is an ingredient in the solution because this common chelating agent protects nucleic acids from degradation by enzymes. The EDTA chelates divalent cations that are cofactors for nucleases that may contaminate the sample. However, since the magnesium cation is a cofactor for DNA polymerase and restriction enzymes, the concentration of EDTA is kept purposely low (around 1 mM concentration). 10X TBE Electrophoresis Buffer Materials 108 g of Tris base [tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane]55 g of boric acid7.5 g of EDTA, disodium saltDeionized water Preparation for  the 10X TBE Electrophoresis Buffer Dissolve the Tris, boric acid, and EDTA in 800 ml of deionized water.​Dilute the buffer to 1 L. Undissolved white clumps may be made to dissolve by placing the bottle of solution in a hot water bath. A magnetic stir bar can aid the process. You do not need to sterilize the solution. Although precipitation may occur after a span of time, the stock solution is still usable. You can adjust the pH using a pH meter and dropwise addition of concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl). Its fine to store TBE buffer at room temperature, although you may wish to filter the stock solution through a 0.22-micron filter to remove particle that would foster precipitation. 10X TBE Electrophoresis Buffer Storage Store the bottle of 10X buffer solution at room temperature. Refrigeration will accelerate precipitation. Using 10X TBE Electrophoresis Buffer The solution is diluted before use. Dilute 100 mL of 10X stock to 1 L with deionized water. 5X TBE Stock Solution Recipe The advantage of the 5X solution is that its less likely to precipitate. 54 g of Tris base (Trizma)27.5 grams of boric acid20 mL of 0.5 M EDTA solutionDeionized water Preparation Dissolve the Tris base and boric acid in the EDTA solution.Adjust the pH of the solution to 8.3 using concentrated HCl.Dilute the solution with deionized water to make 1 liter of 5X stock solution. The solution may also be diluted to 1X or 0.5X for electrophoresis. Using a 5X or 10X stock solution by accident will give you poor results because as much heat will be generated.  In addition to giving you poor resolution, the sample may be damaged. 0.5X TBA Buffer Recipe 5X TBE stock solutionDistilled deionized water Preparation Add 100 mL of the 5X TBE solution to 900 mL of distilled deionized water. Mix thoroughly before use. Limitations Although TBE and TAE are common electrophoresis buffers, there are  other options  for low-molarity conductive solutions, including lithium borate buffer and sodium borate buffer. The problem with TBE and TAE are that Tris-based buffers limit the electric field that can be used in electrophoresis because too much charge causes a runaway temperature.

The African Union Organization

The African Union Organization The African Union is one of the worlds most important intergovernmental organizations. It is composed of 53 countries in Africa and is loosely based on the European Union. These African countries work diplomatically with each other despite differences in geography, history, race, language, and religion to try to improve the political, economic, and social situations for the approximately one billion people that live on the African continent. The African Union promises to protect Africas rich cultures, some of which have existed for thousands of years. African Union Membership The African Union, or AU, includes every independent African country except Morocco. Additionally, the African Union recognizes the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, which is a portion of Western Sahara; this recognition by the AU caused Morocco to resign. South Sudan is the newest member of the African Union, joining on July 28, 2011, less than three weeks after it became an independent country. The OAU: The Precursor to the African Union The African Union was formed after the dissolution of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) in 2002. The OAU was formed in 1963 when many African leaders wanted to accelerate the process of European decolonization and gain independence for a number of new nations. It also wanted to promote peaceful solutions to conflicts, ensure sovereignty forever, and raise living standards. However, the OAU was largely criticized from the beginning. Some countries still had deep ties to its colonial masters. Many countries associated themselves with the ideologies of either the United States or the Soviet Union during the height of the Cold War. Although the OAU gave weapons to rebels and was successful in eliminating colonization, it could not eliminate the massive poverty problem. Its leaders were seen as corrupt and unconcerned for the welfare of the common people. Many civil wars occurred and the OAU could not intervene. In 1984, Morocco left the OAU because it opposed the membership of Western Sahara. In 1994, South Africa joined the OAU after the fall of apartheid. The African Union Is Founded Years later, Libyas leader Muammar Gaddafi, a strong proponent of African unity, encouraged the revival and improvement of the organization. After several conventions, the African Union was formed in 2002. The headquarters of the African Union is in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Its official languages are English, French, Arabic, and Portuguese, but many documents are also printed in Swahili and local languages. The leaders of the African Union work together to promote health, education, peace, democracy, human rights, and economic success. Three AU Administrative Bodies The heads of state of each member country form the AU Assembly. These leaders meet semi-annually to discuss the budget and major goals of peace and development. The current leader of the African Union Assembly is Bingu Wa Mutharika, the President of Malawi. The AU Parliament is the legislative body of the African Union and is composed of 265 officials who represent the common people of Africa. Its seat is in Midrand, South Africa. The African Court of Justice works to ensure that human rights for all Africans are respected. The Improvement of Human Life in Africa The African Union strives to improve every aspect of government and human life on the continent. Its leaders try to improve educational and career opportunities for ordinary citizens. It works to get healthy food, safe water, and adequate housing to the poor, especially in times of disaster. It studies the causes of these problems, like famine, drought, crime, and war. Africa has a high population that suffers from diseases like HIV, AIDS, and malaria, so the African Union tries to give treatment to the afflicted and provide education to prevent the spread of these diseases. The Improvement of Government, Finances, and Infrastructure The African Union supports agricultural projects. It works to improve transportation and communication and promotes scientific, technological, industrial, and environmental advancement. Financial practices like free trade, customs unions, and central banks are planned. Tourism and immigration ​are promoted, as well as better uses of energy and the protection of Africas precious natural resources such as gold. Environmental problems like desertification are studied, and Africas livestock resources are given aid. The Improvement of Security A major goal of the African Union is to encourage the collective defense, security, and stability of its members. The African Unions democratic principles have gradually reduced corruption and unfair elections. It tries to prevent conflicts between member nations and solve any disputes that do arise quickly and peacefully. The African Union can grant sanctions on disobedient states and withhold economic and social benefits. It does not tolerate inhumane acts such as genocide, war crimes, and terrorism. The African Union can intervene militarily and has sent peacekeeping troops to alleviate political and social disorder in places like Darfur (Sudan), Somalia, Burundi, and Comoros. However, some of these missions have been criticized as being too underfunded, undermanned, and untrained. A few nations, like Niger, Mauritania, and Madagascar have been suspended from the organization after political events like coup detats. Foreign Relations of the African Union The African Union works closely with diplomats from the United States, European Union, and United Nations. It receives aid from countries around the world to deliver on its promises of peace and health for all Africans. The African Union realizes that its member nations must unite and cooperate to compete in the worlds increasingly globalized economy and foreign relations. It hopes to have a single currency, like the euro, by 2023. An African Union passport may exist one day. In the future, the African Union hopes to benefit people of African origin living throughout the world. African Union Struggles Linger The African Union has improved stability and welfare, but it does have its challenges. Poverty is still a tremendous problem. The organization is deeply in debt and many consider some of its leaders to still be corrupt. Moroccos tension with Western Sahara continues to strain the entire organization. However, several smaller multi-state organizations exist in Africa, like the East African Community and the Economic Community of West African States, so the African Union can study how successful these smaller regional organizations have been in combating poverty and political strife. Conclusion In conclusion, the African Union comprises all but one of Africas countries. Its goal of integration has fostered one identity and has enhanced the political, economic, and social climate of the continent, thereby giving hundreds of millions of people a healthier and more successful future.

A reflective report based upon the considerations of career direction Essay

A reflective report based upon the considerations of career direction - Essay Example It is worth mentioning that a better career plan might support individuals in managing along with organising their respective learning and development procedures (Department of Training and Workforce Development, 2011). With this concern, the essay intends to produce a reflective report based upon the considerations of career direction. Various aspects, such as an outline of a relevant structure for developing a career plan, identification of career goals and recognition of strengths along with weaknesses will also be discussed in the following discussion. An Outline of an Appropriate Structure for Developing a Career Plan Knowing Yourself Prior to forming and developing an appropriate structure for developing a career plan, I would like to share my education qualifications and the capabilities that would help me to attain my career goal. I am an undergraduate in the field of business management, having specialisation in Finance. I successfully studied from York St. John University, wherein I creatively developed my capabilities towards new and diverse environments. This can be justified with reference to the fact that the undergraduate program was segregated into dissimilar modules comprising marketing, globalisation, finance and financial management dimensions among others. As the undergraduate program encompassed the aforementioned modules, it made me possible to obtain an in-depth understanding about the conditions prevailing in the modern day business scenario. Apart from these educational qualifications and the capabilities that I possess, I believe my linguistic skills can assist me to attain my predetermined career goal i.e. to become a hotel manager. For instance, my fluency in English language and breakthrough Japanese language would provide active support towards the accomplishment of my career objective. Specially mentioning, I had taken an initiative of self-funding an evening course in language, which I had completed during my first and second yea rs of the program. This initiative eventually raised my capability in planning ahead towards the attainment of my career objective. Understanding the Job Market Prior to provide a brief understanding about the job market, it is quite indispensable to identify my career goal. In this similar concern, my career goal is to become a hotel manager in the UK. It can be apparently observed in this context that the job market in the UK is quite promising and the job opportunity relating to the position of a hotel manager in the region is also likely to be rising in future. With regard to acquire an in-depth understanding about the job market of a hotel manager in the UK, it can be viewed that there prevails nearly 12,000 hotel establishments, engaging a substantial proportion of the entire labour force. The presence of wider range of hotel establishments in the UK can also be observed, ranging from smaller to bigger multinational chains that are engaged in offering quality along with soothi ng services to the guests or the visitors. As

Hurricane Katrina Health Impact in Louisiana Research Paper

Hurricane Katrina Health Impact in Louisiana - Research Paper Example Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) the hurricane made great unprecedented devastation, which had adverse effects on the people of the neighboring coastlines such as Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana. Moreover, inside the countryside to an extent of 150 miles, significant devastation was witnessed from the hurricane that could be seen many weeks after the disaster (Palser, 2007). Introduction Hurricane Katrina was the most destructive and deadliest hurricane to be reported in the United States in the modern history. The hurricane struck on the coastline on august 2005 causing devastating health problems to the people of Louisiana and their neighboring vicinities. Various health problems arose out of the hurricane. This hurricane is said to be the costliest and the one of the five deadliest Atlantic hurricanes in the history of USA. From the hurricane, at least 1833 people succumbed to injuries from the debris and suspended floods caused by the hurricane. The estimated total cost of the hurricane is $81billion as of 2005, nearly three times more than that of hurricane Andrew in 1992 (Rodger, 2006). Statement of the Problem Hurricane Katrina caused many damages to the people of Louisiana especially in the health sector. Many people contracted diseases or were infected with different diseases caused by the hurricane

The ends of the 3 short stories Essay Example for Free

The ends of the 3 short stories Essay Who or what do you think is to blame for the tragic events at the ends of the 3 short stories? In your answer you should compare the effects of the following contributing factors:   Values and attitudes of 1800s   The characters and personalities of the females   The attitudes of the community towards the female characters The role and influence of men The tragic events at the end of the three short stories The Withered Arm by Thomas Hardy, The Melancholy Hussar also by Thomas Hardy, and The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, are not the consequence of any one cause in particular. There are many different causes that could explain the tragic events, and these will now be investigated. A womans activities and learning completely depended on how well off they were; whether they were a rich lady or a poor woman. In Hardys The Withered Arm and in another of his books The Melancholy Hussar, we see examples of both: Gertrude Lodge and Phyllis are the well off ladies, and Rhoda Brook is the poor milkmaid. They didnt choose what they wanted to be, they were just born that way. There are clear differences between a lady and a woman: a poor woman was not educated (which was very bad in the 1800s), but the rich lady was educated (but only on the skills that she would need to help her get a husband); the poor woman married a working man for a better money income and chose who she married, but a rich lady would usually marry someone that her father chose. By these two facts, it is clear to see that women were simply thought of as possessions of men, nothing more. This is illustrated in Hardys The Melancholy Hussar: she considered herself likely to become a possession of another. Wealthy men had to go through a ladys father even to make her acquaintance: made her fathers acquaintance in order to make hers. Rich women hired poorer women to work for them as housecleaners and maids. This is an example of how class was considered to be important in Victorian society. In The Withered Arm, the tragic event which was Rhodas sons execution is a consequence of societys division of classes. Rhodas son was poor, like Rhoda herself, thusly putting him in the lower class. This is reflected in the clothes that he wore. Gertrude brings a new pair of boots round for him because his old ones would not keep my feet dry if it came on wet, because they were so cracked. The state of his clothes signifies his class. Presumably, the people who had caught Rhodas son were fairly wealthy. Therefore, it is possible that they may have jumped to the conclusion that since he was a poor, lower class boy, he must have been doing something wrong. The second tragic event at the end of The Withered Arm is Gertrudes death. There is somewhat of a mystery of how she died. It could have been the impact of her being thrown against the wall, or it could have been the medical cure she was attempting that could have killed her. Her choice to attempt this cure was influenced by society and by her own personality and character. She is a very pretty lady: rosy-cheeked, tisty-tosty body and this is what attracted Farmer Lodge to her. But when she got the skin discolouration, her own personality makes her take measures against it. She is very eager to please Farmer Lodge: hoping against hope to win back his heart again by regaining some at least of her personal beauty and when their relationship gets worse and worse because of Farmer Lodges obsession, she tries to regain her beauty by any means necessary. This is also brought about by societys reaction. Since Gertrude is in the higher classes, she is held in better respect than, say, Rhoda. Therefore, society expects a pretty, intelligent lady. When she gets the skin discolouration, society doesnt have the pretty lady anymore. Gertrude becomes more desperate and finally, on Conjuror Trendles advice, she goes to try one last cure: placing her discoloured and disfigured arm on the neck of a hangman just when he has been cut down. Rhoda appears when Gertrude is conducting the cure and then throws her against the wall. In a way, it is Rhodas fault also that Gertrude died. Rhoda had plenty of reasons to be angry with Gertrude. Gertrude came along and married Farmer Lodge, taking Rhodas place as it were. She caused Rhoda to have the vision in which Rhoda grabbed her and threw her to the ground and, to top it all off, Rhoda now finds her with her disfigured arm on her dead son. It pushed her over the limit and caused her to react with violence. The tragic event at the end of The Melancholy Hussar, is the shooting of Matthi us Tina and his friend Christoph Bless. The actions of Phyllis and her personality explain why they were shot, but society can explain Phyllis personality. Phyllis Grove is extremely isolated and secluded living with her father in a half farm, half manor-house. The mention of a manor house suggests that she is wealthy and a member of the higher classes of society. Society enforces the characteristic that all high-class ladies should have a husband. She was being owned by her father, as it was with all daughters and fathers. She had not yet got married because she does not want to become a possession of another. However, she ends up falling for and getting engaged to marry Humphrey Gould, which was not socially common considering that he was of lower class than her. He had to leave town for a while to tend to his sick father because there were no other relations nearer. He promised he would return to Phyllis in a few weeks. However, these few weeks pass, followed by the next season but he didnt return. Phyllis was not very inquisitive when the German Hussars camped near to the town, because she became very shy living in seclusion in the manor house: became so shy if she met a stranger she felt ashamed at his gaze, walked awkwardly, and blushed to her shoulders. She came to know a German Hussar called Matthi us Tina because he frequently walked past a wall on which Phyllis usually sat. Since Humphrey Gould was not back yet, her character allowed her to get to know Matthi us. The community started to gossip about rumours that Humphrey Gould may be having an affair: he was not sure, indeed, that he might not cast his eyes elsewhere. Phyllis believes the hearsay and she and Matthi us along with Christoph and two other men try to take a boat from the harbour, in order to row to France then travel to Germany. Matthi us and Phyllis were going to live together and leave Humphrey behind. Though, at the last minute, Humphrey Gould returns. She hears him talking and she discovers that he has been living in truth the whole time. She reproaches herself for believing the hearsay. The failed escape attempt got Matthi us and Christoph captured. They were tried for court-marshal and then shot as deserters. If Phyllis had stayed and gone with Matthi us then he may not have been caught. The pressure on her from society to do the right thing cost Matthi us, Christoph and the two companions their lives. The tragic event at the end of The Yellow Wallpaper is the main female becoming insane and completely losing her mind. Society is primarily to blame for this, but also so is her husband John. The main character is apparently ill, according to her husband John who is a physician. She takes tablets and steroids but nothing is working very well. They rent out an old house to live in for 3 months whilst the old one is refurbished. The main character is forced to live in a room for these 3 months with horrible yellow wallpaper. She is a member of the high class in society. This is attainable due to the amount of technical terms, for example, that she using whilst describing the wallpaper: debased Romanesque delirium tremens isolated columns of fatuity. She never leaves the room for most of the three months and is forbidden to do practically everything by John. This is basically what is called the Rest Cure which was developed by Silas Weir Mitchell, an American physician who became famous for his work on nervous disorders. Patients of the Rest Cure were usually condemned to bed for six weeks to two months. They are not allowed to sit up, sew, read, or write. They are only allowed to clean their teeth, and sometimes they were not allowed to turn over by themselves. Silas did this because he found no motion desirable. In these cases, the patient is lifted out of bed in the evening onto a couch and given a sponge bath. The main character in The Yellow Wallpaper was allowed to get out of bed and walk around a bit, but was told not to read or write by John her husband. Still, she wrote down what is read in the story and keeps it hidden from him. In all cases of weakness, a nurse fed the patient. In many cases, Silas allowed the patient to get out of bed to go and use the toilet. After about a fortnight, Silas would allow the patient to read one to three hours a day, and frequently nervous and anaemic women jumped (not literally! ) at the chance. He says in a written account of himself: The moral uses of enforced rest are readily estimated. From a restless life of irregular hours, and probably endless drugging, from hurtful sympathy and over-zealous care, the patient passes to an atmosphere of quiet, to order and control, to the system and care of a thorough nurse, to an absence of drugs, and to simple diet. The result is always at first, whatever it may be afterwards, a sense of relief, and a remarkable and often a quite abrupt disappearance of many of the nervous symptoms with which we are all of us only too sadly familiar. The Rest Cure and the way that John her husband has acted to her illness are examples of how men have authority over women. The main female becomes more and more interested with the yellow wallpaper, slowly discovering new things about it. Her mental condition continues to worsen and she starts to think that she can see people behind the wallpaper, a woman, trying to get out. This woman could be a representation of the main character in society. Trapped, and unable to break free of all the laws and regulations. Eventually, she becomes nearly completely insane due to her being trapped in he room for three months, having to constantly look at the yellow wallpaper. She starts tearing bits off, trying to free the women behind, but also to get rid of it because it was driving her insane. At the end of the story, the main character loses her mind and speaks as though she was the women she had seen behind the wallpaper, and she had finally got out and couldnt be put back: Ive got out at last Ive pulled off most of the paper, so you cant put me back!

William Faulkner Essay -- Biography

The South is known for its many astounding artists, novelists, and writers; however, William Faulkner is uniquely categorized by many as one of the most influential writers of the twentieth century. Faulkner became known for his diction and literary techniques. William Faulkner chronicled the history of Mississippi: however, his choice of universal themes made him a literary giant around the world. Faulkner achieved many great accomplishments without a high school diploma or college degree. Faulkner had proved to the world that Southern writers were not as substandard as many viewed them to be. They were, in fact, quite phenomenal. William Faulkner born on September 25, 1897 to Murry Cuthbert Falkner, a railroad employee and Maud Butler, an amateur painter (Minter, 755). Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi ; however, he spent most of his life in Oxford, Mississippi (Polk, 55). In Oxford, Faulkner began listening to many stories told at small family gatherings as well as large reunions. Many stories told by Faulkner’s family originated from adventures of Faulkner’s great-grandfather, Colonel William Clark Falkner . Since Faulkner was disappointed and embarrassed by the meager success of his own father, he drew closer to his grandfather, but it was his great-grandfather who he saw as a model and rival ( Minter, 755). Faulkner was an excellent student throughout the first several grades; however, he quit school in 1915 without a diploma disappointing his family. Even though Faulkner dropped out of school, he read avidly (Minter, 755). Faulkner made a habit of hanging around places where people gathered to swap tales ; After Faulkner began writing about north Mississippi , a friend remarked that, â€Å" he seemed to know e... ...y two of his novels received Pulitzer Prizes. In 1924 Faulkner received the Nobel Prize for literature for his unique contribution to the modern American novel. After Faulkner donated his Nobel winnings to establish a fund to support and encourage new fiction writers, the PEN/Faulkner Award for fiction was established. Whenever Faulkner’s involvement in the early phases of the civil rights movement evoked, he and Estelle moved to Charlottesville, Virginia , where Faulkner became writer-in-residence at the university of Virginia (minter, 760). In conclusion, William Faulkner, the Southern writer , Nobel and Pulitzer prize winner, sweep the nation with his diction and literary techniques. With his fictional stories he laid literary hands on Mississippi and narrated the universe throughout its culture. His universal themes made him a literary giant around the world.

Managing a Foreign Subsidiary

Outline 1. Introduction The objective of the research is to manage the subsidiary of Metersbonwe in Brazil and Russia. Metersbonwe is a Chinese local clothing brand. Metersbonwe was founded in 1994, and it specializes in casual wear. The reasons why I choose this brand is that I’m a young man, and I think the design of Metersbonwe is very suitable for the young people. Also, Metersbonwe is a popular brand with low price, so, the developing country like Russia and Brazil could adapt the price.However, to manage a subsidiary in a foreign country is full of challenge, and the one of the important factor to make it success is The Five Dimensions of National Culture. Power Distance (PDI): the extent to the power distribution is unequally in the less powerful member. Individualism versus Collectivism (IDV): the extent to the individuals integrates into the group. Masculinity Femininity (MAS): the degree of the sexism in the culture. Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI): how this culture trea t the uncertainty and ambiguity.Long-Term Orientation (LTO): the Long-term cultures value thrift and perseverance, but, the short-term cultures value tradition, the fulfillment of social obligations and protecting honors. The other factor is the leadership style. There 3 different leadership styles is Authoritarian Style, Democratic Style, Laissez-Faire Style respectively. I think my leadership style is Democratic Style, because I will not be authoritarian to make the company all listen to me, A man's wisdom is limited, so, I need group’s wisdom to help the company become stronger.I will also not be Laissez-Faire Style, as a subsidiary company’s leader, I have a responsibility to carry the company. The research is anticipated to manage Metersbonwe in Russia and Brazil. The most important elements to manage the subsidiary in Russia and Brazil are local culture, people’s cloth wearing habit and the weather. 2. Methods The only data collection method used in the re search is Internet research, because, it’s limited by the source around.But the amount of the information on the internet was plenty, also, is easy to get the useful information on the internet, although the data collect by internet research may have less authenticity and accuracy, it is enough for this research. The internet research provided lot background knowledge, relatively official information about the company, many culture conventions in the Russia and Brazil and the Unilever’s business model in Russia and Brazil to locate the research, the internet research method helps a lot in this research. . Findings 2. 1. Examine the cultural conventions influencing business In Russia and Brazil Russia: Normal business hours are 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Mondays to Fridays, and It is not unusual for Russians to renegotiate a contract. Brazil: Schedule the business meeting at least 2 weeks. Use casual conversation to start a business meeting or negotiation. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 4. 2. Determine Unilever’s business model in Russia and Brazil Russia: * Focused on special development program * Building leadership in large categories Using employees from 11 different nationalities Brazil: * have a local structure * top notch infrastructure * 10 major categories to sustained market leadership 2. Discussion 3. 2. Interpret the findings in light of thesis statement 3. 3. 1. Advantage for Metersbowe in Russia Diversity staff to build up the company’s culture exchange 3. 3. 2. Disadvantage for Metersbonwe in Russia Need long time to reconcile the cross culture staff 3. 3. 3. Advantage for Metersbonwe in Brazil Is not emphasize the culture convention . 3. 4. Disadvantage for Metersbonwe in Brazil 3. 3. Assess the effectiveness of the research * Not enough information to locate the Unilever’s business model in Russia and Brazil * Only internet research to fulfill the report, no other reliable source of data 3. Conclusions 4. 4. Identify and justify the Metersbonwe in Brazil * the country I choose to manage Metersbonwe is Brazil * Metersbonwe as a new brand access in Brazil clothing market 4. 5. Suggestion * More source of data provide * Confirm the accuracy of the data

Health Care Decisions of the Mentally Ill

The mentally ill are an extremely vulnerable group when it comes to receiving adequate health care as well as being â€Å"allowed† to make those critical decisions that affect their lives. Although the perception exists that as a whole the mentally ill are ill equipped if not downright incapable of making those decisions, the reality is not so carved in stone.   The stereotypes of the mentally ill both lessen their ability to â€Å"participate in the management of their illness and achieve desired treatment outcomes,† and â€Å"encourages pessimistic and non-therapeutic attitudes and behaviors among clinicians making them receptive to the requests of their mentally ill patients.† (National 2006 p. 80). The perception is that the mentally ill pose a danger to both themselves and society, therefore need to have all â€Å"important† decisions made for them, just as a child would. The mentally ill are often coerced into making decisions that are neither true to their wishes, or good for their lives. In reality, the majority of the mentally ill are quite capable of making their own health care decisions, and only rarely does their illness affect those decisions, requiring a family member or friend to step forward. Research has shown that the mental health population has â€Å"elevated rates of some disease and health complications from psychiatric medication,† and, in fact tend to die at significantly younger ages than the general population. (Mental 2006 p. 1).   There are, of course, circumstances where intervention by another party becomes a necessity.   In the more severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia or severe bi-polar disease, the ability to make rational decisions can become severely impaired, requiring a guardian ad-litem to make decisions that are in the best interest of the patient. Our current system of HMO’s also put the mentally ill patient at a further disadvantage because â€Å"psychiatric disorders leave people ill-equipped to handle the bureaucratic roadblocks inherent in managed care.† (Perina 2002 p. 1). Because there are no concrete routine blood tests or CAT scans that definitively say that a person is ill, the science is much more subjective, therefore more fraught with stumbling blocks. As stated, in most cases, the mentally ill are still quite able to make their own health care decisions and should be allowed to do so without the stereotypes and hardships to make those decisions more difficult. Works Cited: Mental Health Articles (March 15, 2006). Creative Strategies Improve Medical Care for Mentally Ill. Retrieved May 31, 2006 from: http://www.emaxhealth.com/7/4939.html National Academics Press (2000). Improving the Quality of Health Care for Mental and Substance Abuse Patients. Retrieved May 30, 2006 Perina, Kaja. (Mar/April 2002). Battling for Benefits. Retrieved May 31, 2006         

The Annexation of Hawaii essays

The Annexation of Hawaii essays In the 19th century, Hawaii was not a part of the United States. Hawaii was a kingdom, ruled by King Kalakaua, and then surpassed by his sister, who became Queen Liliuokalani. Hawaii was an economically important location for the United States. Since the 1790s, American merchants would stop there on their way to China and India. Followed by the merchants came the Missionaries, who opened up schools and churches on the island. Sugar merchants also settled on Hawaii, and they eventually changed the Hawaiian economy. There were many sugar plantations in Hawaii, and the people who worked on these plantations were from other countries, such as Japan, Portugal, and China. Sugar was easily sold to the U.S. because there was no tariff, or shipping tax, on the sugar. The McKinley Tariff of 1890, however, placed a tax on Hawaiian sugar, and made it more expensive than Cuban sugar. Plantation owners wanted Hawaii to be annexed so their sugar would be tax-free. The population of the immigrants who worked on the sugar plantations, combined with the population of the plantation owners, was higher than the population of the Hawaiian people. White business leaders in Hawaii wanted the King, King Kalakaua, to change Hawaiis constitution to grant voting rights only to wealthy landowners, so that meant the natives couldnt vote. Queen Liliuokalani, who took over after her brother, King Kalakaua, died, wanted to remove the property qualifications for voting. She also proposed a new constitution that would restore political power to Hawaiis people, and not the white business leaders, or plantation owners, etc. The business leaders did not like this idea, and with the help of U.S. ambassador John L. Stevens, they organized a revolution against the queen. On January 16, 1893, the U.S.S. Boston appeared in Honolulu harbor, and the marines and volunteer troops imprisoned Queen Liliuokalani in her own palace. A provisional go ...

Learn About Petcoke

Learn About Petcoke Petroleum coke, or petcoke, is a byproduct from the refining of crude oil. It consists mostly of carbon, with variable amounts of sulfurs and heavy metals. It has many industrial uses, including the production of batteries, steel, and aluminum. Lower-grade petcoke, which contains higher concentrations of sulfur, is used as fuel in coal-fired power plants and cement kilns. Lower-grade coal is estimated to represent 75% to 80% of all petcoke produced. The production of petcoke in North America has increased in recent years due to the refining of crude oil originating from Canada’s tar sands region. If all the recoverable bitumen (the â€Å"proven reserves†) from tar sands was removed and refined, several billion tons of petcoke could be produced. When operating at capacity, large U.S. refineries can produce 4,000 to over 7,000 tons of petcoke per day. In 2012 the United States exported 184 million barrels (33 million metric tons) of petcoke, predominantly to China. A lot of petcoke is also produced in Canada, in close proximity to the tar sands, where bitumen is upgraded into synthetic crude oil or syncrude.  Ã‚   A Troublesome Source of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Bitumen’s high density, or what gives it that semi-solid consistency, is explained by the fact that it contains more carbon than conventional oil. Refining crude oil from tar sands involves the reduction of the number of carbon atoms per hydrocarbon molecule. These discarded carbon atoms eventually form petcoke. Since large volumes of tar sand crude oil are currently refined, large amounts of low-grade petcoke are produced and sold as an inexpensive fuel for coal plants. This burning of petcoke is where tar sand bitumen releases extra carbon dioxide, compared to conventional oil. Petcoke produces more CO2 per pound than almost any other energy source, making it a contributor to greenhouse gases and thus a driver of global climate change. Not Just a Carbon Problem Refining sulfur-rich tar sand bitumen concentrates the sulfur content in the petcoke. Compared to coal, petcoke combustion requires the use of additional pollution controls to capture much of that sulfur. In addition, heavy metals are also concentrated into the petcoke. There are concerned with the release of these metals into the air when petcoke is used as a fuel in a coal power plant. These same concentrated heavy metals can enter the environment at storage sites where large piles of petcoke are staged, uncovered. The epicenter of complaints stemming from petcoke storage seems to be in the Chicago, Illinois, area. Large piles of petcoke, each made of thousands of tons of the dusty material, sit along the Calumet River and come from an oil refinery in nearby Whiting, Indiana. These storage sites are in close proximity to residential areas in Chicago’s Southeast side, where residents complain about dust from the petcoke piles blowing into their neighborhoods.   Indirect Effects: Keeping Coal-Fired Plants Open The recent boom in natural gas production has been a challenge for coal-fired power stations. Many have been closed or converted to natural gas power generators. However, petcoke can be used concurrently with coal in many power plants, a practice known as co-firing. Some technical challenges associated with co-firing exist (from petcoke’s high sulfur content, for example), but the very low price of petcoke could be an important factor to keep coal plants open in an economically competitive energy environment. New life could be breathed into slated-to-close coal power plants, with for a net result elevated CO2 emissions. Sources Chicago Sun-Times. Accessed 11 February 2014. Rahm Emanuel to Propose Ordinance Prohibiting New Petcoke Facilities.OilChange International. Accessed 11 February 2014. Petroleum Coke: The Coal Hiding in the Tar Sands.Oxbow Carbon. Accessed 11 February 2014. Petroleum Coke.Pavone, Anthony. Accessed 11 February 2014. Converting Petroleum Coke to Electricity.US Energy Information Administration. Accessed 11 February 2014. U.S. Exports of Petroleum Coke.US Energy Information Administration. Accessed 11 February 2014. Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases Program.

The appearance of nostalgia for American cinema's history in the films Essay

The appearance of nostalgia for American cinema's history in the films of the 1970s - Essay Example trayed at least one nuclear family and at least some kind of prosperity in his film, for this is the stereotype that was assumed by the early 1970s – that the 1950s were a time of nuclear family and father knows best. A time of unlimited dreams and houses in the suburbs. Picket fences and family dogs. Benevolent fathers who dispense advice, and mothers who wear aprons and bake cookies. That sort of image. These images are stereotypical, yet are still the stuff of 1950s fantasies. These images are also not the way that it really was. Stephanie Coontz (1997) provides a coherent counterpoint for this idealized version of the 1950s. Coontz states that, although Americans in 1996 voted the 1950s as the most idyllic time for a child to grow up, in reality, the decade still left much to be desired. The 1950s was a time of prosperity, in that wages were growing at a higher rate than any other decade, while the median priced home was only 15 to 18 percent of a man’s salary. Yet, women were not treated well, nor were minorities, and parents did not communicate well with their children. The children of the 1950s, meanwhile, have stated, by and large, that they would not want the same marriage as their parents. They state that their fathers did not provide good role models, and their mothers could not be happy (Coontz, 1997, p. 34). Coontz argues that the nostalgia for the 1950s was rooted in a desire to return to a time when kids were kept on the straight and narrow. The decade was also seen as family friendly, presumably because it was the decade that is not necessarily known for the pornography and media violence that has marked the decades hence. There was also a feeling of optimism (Coontz, 1997, p. 35), more than what is seen in the current decade, and, certainly, more... Movies may give the viewer a sense of nostalgia.This is when the movies portray events that occur during a period of time in a somewhat idealized way. Rock Hudson and Doris Day movies provide a nostalgic view of the 1950s, in that these were cute romantic comedies that featured a masculine man, a pretty petite woman and lots of innocent fun. Westerns may provide a sense of idealization, when it shows the land as being a place of dreams, the hero always wins, and the anti-hero is redeemed. This is not the case with the two movies explained below, The Last Picture Show and Days of Heaven. The Last Picture Show and Days of Heaven represent a different time period from the present, neither of them are particularly nostalgic. As Cook (2005 ) states, nostalgia is a kind of fantasy, so much so that it is more inauthentic then memory. Nostalgia would depend upon an idealized version of what was really true and this is not the case with these two films. The Last Picture Show takes the convent ional wisdom of the 1950s – that this was a time of nuclear families, lemonade stands, picket fences, benevolent fathers and mothers, and obedient children – and stands them on their head. The kids in this film are immoral and crass, one of the central adults is an adulterous drunk, and another central adult is carrying on an affair with a 17-year-old boy. Only Sam the Lion serves as a nostalgic touchstone, as he embodies the values that are supposedly ascribed to this time - virtuosity, wisdom, courage and patience.